Laser Eye Surgery Essay Example for Free

Laser Eye Surgery Essay Laser eye surgery has enabled millions of people to throw away their eyeglasses. Now several medical technology companies are hoping that lasers aimed at the feet will allow millions to take their socks off, even in public. The target is toenail fungus — an infection in an estimated 10 percent of American adults, or 23 million people — that causes toenails to become thick, yellow and fetid. If these lasers, which recently completed small clinical trials, work, they will represent a new way to treat nail infection by selectively irradiating fungi while leaving the nail and surrounding tissue intact. Right now, there is no sure cure. The fungi are so hardy that popular antifungal pills, which carry a small risk of liver damage, are completely successful less than half of the time. And a prescription lacquer, painted on the toenails daily for 48 weeks, has a complete cure rate of less than 10 percent. Pharmaceutical giants like Schering-Plough and Novartis are developing new lacquers, pills and ointments to battle the fungi. But some podiatrists and patients are pinning their hopes on the experimental laser treatments. Nomir Medical Technologies in Waltham, Mass., is developing a laser called Noveon for diseases like antibiotic-resistant staph infections as well as nail afflictions. Noveon is a type of laser already commonly used by doctors for treatments like cataract surgery, dental work and even hair removal. Noveon beams two different wavelengths of near-infrared light at toenails to selectively take aim at and kill fungi. After four treatments with Noveon, about half of the 39 toenails tested no longer had active nail infections, according to the results of a clinical trial that the company presented this month at a national dermatology  meeting. Six months after the initial treatment, about 76 percent of the volunteers had clear nail growth, the study reported. â€Å"We will be able to reach people who have heretofore stayed away from treatment because of the toxicity or the costs or other reasons,† said Richard F. Burtt, Nomir’s chief executive. Mr. Burtt said the company was preparing to submit the data to the Food and Drug Administration, hoping to receive clearance to market Noveon by this fall. The agency has already cleared Noveon for use on the skin and in nasal passages. But the company is not taking orders for or distributing the laser for nails until it receives specific permission to do so, Mr. Burtt said. Another company developing a laser, PathoLase, is so eager to get a piece of the billion-dollar-plus market for antifungal nail treatments that it has not waited for federal permission to begin marketing its device, the PinPointe Footlaser, for use on toenail fungus. Nearly 70 podiatrists in 21 states already offer PinPointe, according to PathoLase. The treatment, which is not covered by health insurance, costs $1,000 or more. The F.D.A. requires manufacturers to wait for federal clearance before marketing a medical device for specific uses. But PathoLase appears to have jumped the gun in the war on spores. Last week, a news broadcast by a Fox affiliate in Manhattan featured PinPointe as the latest thing for nail disorders. Dr. Stuart J. Mogul, a podiatrist in Manhattan who demonstrated the laser during the broadcast, said he had recently treated four patients with PinPointe at a cost of $1,200 each. He said it was too soon to tell whether the treatment had worked. â€Å"I explain to patients that the only risk is financial,† Dr. Mogul said in an interview last week. He added that representatives of PathoLase had told him that the F.D.A. had  approved the laser as being safe. Up until Tuesday, PinPointe’s Web site promoted the toenail laser as â€Å"F.D.A. cleared† and included an endorsement from a podiatrist in California saying he had used the device for six months on 225 patients. Because the F.D.A. cleared the device in 2001 for use in dentistry, doctors are free to use it for other purposes, John Strisower, the chief executive of PathoLase, said in an interview on Monday. Technically, the F.D.A. does not regulate the practice of medicine, so doctors are indeed able to use approved drugs and devices for unapproved purposes when they deem it appropriate.

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

Frankenstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love is an aspiration based on admiration and benevolence. To love another is to admire them and to have a warm attachment to them. Many things in one’s life have the ability to cloud or cover up feelings of love. Things such as rage, hate, ugliness, and revenge. Despite these negative feelings and thoughts, love is present in every being, every animal, and anything that possesses the beautiful thing we call life, because to be alive is lovin’. There is an excellent book titled Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, that displays the use of unseen love to drive a creature to destruction, murder and, devastation. Can such a being who has committed so many acts of wretchedness contain such a feeling as love?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people think that for such a being that love is not possible to obtain, and others will agree, but argue that although it may be impossible to obtain love from something , it is easy and very possible to have love for something. Throughout the whole novel, the monster talks of revenge on the doctor for making him live with his ugliness and being rejecting by people because of it. Even the doctor was frightened and ran away when he first saw his creation’s hideous looks and monstrous body. Right off the bat, the doctor could have killed the fiend and rid himself of it forever, but he didn’t. He knew that for him to kill this thing, it would be like killing his own beloved child. Seeing the reaction of Frankenstein and the other humans, the creature vowed to hunt down and destroy Victor for bestowing such looks upon this creature’s body. What the monster was looking for was love, and he never found any, but he had plenty. The monster loved Victor for letting him live. The monster didn’t know this until the end. He found out that to give someone life was to give them the ultimate show of affection and love. At anytime in the monster’s life he could have killed Victor, especially when he was weak. Victor said â€Å"...for I was a shattered wreck—the shadow of a human being; my strength was gone..†(page 175). If the monster was as mean and hateful as he appears, he could have crushed Victor with his enormous hands and unbelievable strength. Why didn’t he then, because to kill your creator is to kill yourself, plus you must love your creator for life.

The Challenges Facing The Cultural Diversity

These yearss cultural diverseness plays a important function in a company. The standards know aparting these groups include race, geographic footing, civilisation, gender, age, functional or educational background, physical and cognitive competency, linguistic communication, life styles, beliefs, cultural background, economic class, tenancy with the organisation and sexual penchant. As a MNC works in a planetary market it must be ready to observe all possible alterations in the planetary environment and it has to be able to pass on and accommodate the individuality of the company to them. For illustration in India adult females ‘s will non work for dark so they have to pull off clip for their convenience. The company ca n't offer quality merchandises or services to the clients if it does n't understand and take in history the impact that the civilization has in all the procedures. Workers normally think that their behaviour has n't got any influence on the concluding merchandise or service, but to be effectual, every portion must hold a clear vision of the company and a clear mission on it. The societal, political and enterprise construction depends on everyone in the company, so the internal country and the human resources, one of the most of import countries of a company, must be developed with the remainder of the company to accomplish their ends. The misinterpretation and ignoring of different civilizations, linguistic communication and historical background lead to catastrophes in the field of puting up transnational concern. To avoid this, a general cognition of another state ‘s civilization and history is indispensable. So general cultural cognition, if coupled with bias and prejudgement, is an obstruction to effectual planetary direction. 2.1 Communication and linguistic communication barriers One chief challenge under civilization is linguistic communication barriers. Communication is necessary for direction. Yet communicating relies upon a common linguistic communication, a status that does non be in many planetary concern state of affairss and that is when the jobs start. The most marked mark of the linguistic communication barrier at work can be found in the relationship between a transnational parent company and its web of planetary subordinates. Several factors contribute to the trouble of accomplishing and prolonging effectual communications and a productive, collaborative relationship. Even if an employee is comparatively competent in the linguistic communication of the other party, loss of rhetorical accomplishments is ever present as the usage of wit, symbolism, sensitiveness, dialogue, persuasion and motive requires a really high degree of eloquence. 2.2 Attitudes towards Appointments and Deadlines In America, Americans were give rigorous obeisance to clip committednesss and it was a basic rule of professionalism and polite behaviour. Because everything tends to be purely scheduled, delaies in one assignment or deadline can hold a serious rippling consequence on a coworker or client ‘s other work committednesss. But for illustration: The more flexible and open-ended attack to clip of Indian and Sri Lankan concerns civilization can make tensenesss and inauspicious feelings on American opposite numbers3. MNC Workforce DiversityMultinational Companies ( MNC ) had to confront a figure of new challenges in their day-to-day concern over the past twosome of old ages. Globalization changed assorted things for planetary participants. In general MNC construction shows a focal point on their chief resources and sections like finance, engineering, selling, gross revenues and production, because they want to hold a big figure of clients and to gain net income. A immense challenge MNC have to pull off is their workforce diverseness. The milepost research by Hofstede with 116,000 recruits of IBM, a elephantine MNC in 50 states and 3 parts recognized four cultural values in the workplace: Individualism-collectivism, Power difference, Uncertainty turning away and masculinity-femininity. For illustration: the United States was the greatest and Guatemala was lowest in individuality. Malaysia was the highest and Austria was the lowest in the power distance values. Greece was the highest and Singapore was the lowest in the uncertainness turning away values. Japan was the highest and Sweden was the lowest in the maleness values. There have been important sum of intercultural and cross-cultural surveies with these cultural values, and some surveies demonstrated the relationship between communicating manners with some of these values. Because of this diverseness one of the cardinal success factors of MNC is the enlisting and choice of human resources who offer valuable singularity. These persons are organizing the values and beliefs of a concern. There are two cardinal challenges within planetary HRM specifically constructing planetary corporate civilizations and developing planetary leaders that have to be mastered in order to pull off diverseness and be successful in the planetary concern milieus.Pull offing diverseness in MNC during HRMTo pull off workforce diverseness in MNC it ‘s a challenge for the human resource direction to put up a planetary corporate civilization. To acknowledge with the corporate civilization of the company is the most important thing for the work force. That is why constructing a planetary corporate civilization is one of the most of import challenges for Multinational Companies. Employee behaviour is perchance the most critical challenge that transnational organisations have to cover with. In Multinational Companies there is a immense potency of struggles, because of its diverse personalities. As a consequence of this anxiousnesss will originate among employees. Persons try to accommodate their behaviours to suit the demands of a peculiar environment. In order to accommodate to the environment, persons sacrifice their individualisms to suit in with their new co-ops. Persons become incorporated into the civilization of an organisation when they are successfully understood into the workplace. Successful cultural version reduces members ‘ anxiousness, function struggle, and purposes to go forth. Additionally, successful version increases organisational duty, occupation satisfaction, assurance, and occupation acquaintance every bit good as successful socialization and constitution of relationship.4. Challenges of Working across Culture4.1Stereotyping They are normally deceits and inaccuracies fixed in false conjectures and faulty analysis. Normally this rating is seen in a negative position. The challenges to organisations are to admit differences in positive footings. Power battles and can be the consequence of pigeonholing in organisations. For illustration, puting adult females, who stereotypically have had lower position than work forces in society ; in senior direction places create position incongruence in the heads of many of the people. This can root complexnesss in the leader/subordinate relationship and can root power differences in a concern. This is done in such a manner that affiliates of minority groups may happen it difficult to utilize influence over determination procedures in the organisation. 4.2 Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism consequences when directors identify the differences in civilizations – but have a leaning to believe that their civilization and their manner of making things is the right manner, their manner of making things is the lone manner and the best manner. Any difference from their civilization or from their manner of making things is seen as â€Å" deformation † or as a â€Å" error † or as â€Å" Incorrect manner † . Most people have the leaning to prosecute ethnocentrism. Americans, Nipponese, Chinese, Germans, Gallic, Scandinavians, and Russians are more prone to ethnocentrism than other civilizations – when compared to other Asians, Latin Americans, British, Australians, Africans and Indians. 4.3Informal Integration Informal groups play a important function in any concern. They influence both the success of the concern and the calling success of persons. Entire quality programs depend to a great extent on employee part and informal webs can greatly impact this procedure. Informal groups are influenced by factors such as common linguistic communication, perceived societal similarity, and ethnocentrism. These corporate webs are critical for communicating in organisations. It has been found that race has a major consequence on corporate networking. This is non amazing as you would anticipate people to hold a penchant for interaction with members of one ‘s ain civilization group, particularly in an informal context. 4.4 Parochial Attitude Parochial attitude refers to a individual ‘s incapableness to see cultural diverseness. This is precisely the contrary of ethnocentrism. Directors who are sent overseas often fitting people who are besides dressed in suits and talk their linguistic communication – this prompts them to ignore all other cultural differences and do them experience that all others are â€Å" merely like us † . In today ‘s concern Earth, most people are disposed to dress likewise – in suits or other expressions and speak in English, but this does non bespeak that all people have the same civilization – but people frequently merely see the surface and believe that the other individual portions the same cultural values. Directors from US/UK frequently tend to expose a strong parochial attitude – chiefly because the people with whom they relate on regular footing can talk English and are dressed likewise in suits or western frocks..

Report on religious traditions Religion is Tenrikyo Free Essay Example, 2000 words

According to Dempsey ( 2013) although there are now followers in many countries, this new religion began in Japan in the mid-19th century, and is based upon revelations to a woman called Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as Oyasama. The exact date of the church’s founding is 10/26/1838, the date on which Miki’s husband Zenbei felt he was complying with the wishes of God by accepting his wife as a shrine, that is he was accepting that God was actually dwelling inside his wife. They had married when Miki was only 13, and she has been described as a perfect and virtuous housewife. The events described took place more than 30 years after their marriage ( Let us reason ministries, 2009). In her 40’s a Shino priest was called to the home to carry out some form of "mystical ritual" in order to cure both Miki and her husband. At this time she went into a trance and had her first revelation. She spoke as if the voice of God was actually speaking through her. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on religious traditions Religion is Tenrikyo or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Tenrikyo Church World Headquarters can be found in the city of Tenri, in central Japan. I tis built around Jiba, the place where, according to ancient tradition humankind was first created by God the Parent and, so, symbolically, and according to the faith of believers, is therefore the ancestral home of all people. According to the doctrine of Tenriko, :- In the beginning, the world was a muddy ocean. Tsukihi, God the Parent, finding this chaos unbearably tasteless, thought of creating human beings in order to see the Joyous Life and thus share in that joy. ( Doctrine of Tenriko, Chapter 3, The Truth of Origin). Many of the elements of belief held by followers can be found under the heading Tenrikyo Fundamentals ( translated by Koji Sato, undated). It includes such important topics as there being no distinction between males and females as both are created by God; the need to have a humble mind; the necessity of passing on the message from one generation to the next; making efforts which fit in actions with what you say, that is religion isn’t just about words or even beliefs, but is about actions, about living out one’s faith. . Tsukihi is one of several names followers give to their god, Tenri-O-no-Mikoto being another name meaning the â€Å"Esteemed Sovereign of the Heavenly Intelligence† (Morrigan 2013). According to ‘Let us reason ministries ( 2009) God first showed himself as Kami (the cretaor) and later as Tsuki-hi. This means the moon/sun God and is said to indicate the way God works all the time, both night and day, rather than being a pagan reference to nature worship.